# 🍺 Top-down Brew: Water pH Change

## Water pH Change from Ion Concentrations

Calcium (Ca++) in ppm or mg/l
Magnesium (Mg++) in ppm or mg/l
Bicarbonate (HCO3-) in ppm or mg/l
Carbonate (CO3-) in ppm or mg/l
Carbonate (CaCO3-; sometimes called total alkalinity) ppm or mg/l

Results *** Waiting for results ***

## Notes

Water reports may express carbonate with different methods. If your report uses CaCO3- (also called total alkalinity), enter 0 for bicarbonate and 0 for Carbonate as CO3-.

The ideal mash pH is between 5.8 and 5.2 at room temperature (Daniels, 1996, p. 66).

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